Strategic Analysis Of Siemens Commerce Essay Example For Students

Strategic Analysis Of Siemens Commerce Essay Mhos is now one of Europes largest technology pudding stones. Its international central offices are located in Germany. Siemens is a diversified and immense group, with concern in information and communications, mechanization and control, power, transit, wellness attention, illuming and fiscal service concerns. Its concerns have strong leading in electronics and electrical technology. Siemens has three chief concern sectors: Industry, Energy and Healthcare and it has a entire every bit many as of 15 divisions ( Barclay, 2000 ) . We will write a custom essay on Strategic Analysis Of Siemens Commerce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Worldwide Siemens and its subordinates employ about 420,800 people in about 190 states and reported planetary gross of 76.615 billion Euros as of 2009. Siemens AG is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, and has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange since March 12, 2001. Outline1 Mission and vision2 Strategic issues3 Pioneer of sustainability4 Great in diverseness5 Advanced6 Strategic analysis for Siemens7 PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment8 PESTEL analysis for Siemens9 Germany10 GLOBAL11 Political12 Economic13 Social14 Technological15 Environmental16 Legal17 Porter s five forces18 Porter s five forces19 Degree of competition20 Dickering power of clients21 Dickering power of providers22 Menace of new entrants:23 Menace of replacements24 SWOT Analysis25 Strengths26 Failings27 Opportunities28 Menaces29 Strengths30 Failing31 Opportunities32 Menaces33 The strategic options from SWOT34 Inner control35 Transportation activities from 3rd parties36 Restructure the capital construction37 Found new divisions for new merchandises38 Joint venture Mission and vision Highest public presentation with highest moralss that is the criterion demanded by Siemens present president and CEO Peter Loscher. Its mission is to happen the best manner of uniting and developing know-how and expertness, so that Siemens can productively impart them into outstanding value for clients. It has three nucleus values Responsible: Committed to ethical and responsible actions ; Excellent: Achieving high public presentation and first-class consequences ; Innovative: Being advanced to make sustainable value. Strategic issues Pioneer of sustainability Sustainability is viewed as an of import factor for success. Siemens wants to be the innovator of sustainability. Sustainable development is the most of import strategic aim in the long tally. Sustainability serves as the footing for Siemens hereafter concern success and is the most of import facet of Siemens corporate scheme. ( Barney, 1986 ) . What s more, in recent old ages, Siemens has applied this scheme into operation, with the Siemens environmental portfolio increasing, it has an exceptionally wide spectrum of merchandises and solutions for environmental and climate protection Great in diverseness Siemens is engaged in advancing diverseness in all degrees of the company to a greater grade than of all time earlier. Up to presents, diverseness has been given a lasting topographic point in the corporate degree scheme. In Siemens civilization, particularly for the increasing deficit of extremely qualified people and demographic alterations in the planetary concern, diverseness is a requirement for all the muti-national companies long-run success. Diversity is besides a requirement for its international concern. Advanced Invention has ever been one of nucleus competence in Siemens concern scheme. In Siemens civilization, Inventions are thought to be able to heighten the nucleus competency of Siemens. What s more, Mhos have to maintain its advantage over its rivals in this technological product-dominated market. Strategic analysis for Siemens First, PESTEL will be applied to measure the microenvironment of Siemens, for Porter s five forces analysis, the electrical equipment division will be taken as an illustration and a complete SWOT analysis will follow to measure he strategic options for Siemens. PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment The external environment for international concern is ever complicated and dynamic. The PESTEL analysis of the maco-environment of Siemens is based from two positions: one is that Siemens run its concern in German and the other status is that it runs its concern internationally or in other finish states. PESTEL analysis for Siemens Germany GLOBAL Political Germany authorities policy on subsidies ; lessening policies for German houses Different states has different policies ; the relationship between the authorities of finish state and German ; grade of local authorities s intercession in the economic system ; the quality of service that local authorities provide to foreign houses ; lessening policies for domestic houses ; duty barrier of non-tariff barrier from finish state ; the instruction of the work force, the wellness of the state and Economic The economic system in Germany ; the growing rate of German economic system ; involvement rate ; rising prices rate ; domestic rivals. Global fiscal crisis ; Overseas economic growing ; the construction of local economic system ; the quality of the substructure of the economic system such as the transit and electrical system ; degree of national income ; involvement rate ; exchange rate ; rising prices rate ; Market demand and sections for Siemens merchandises ; local and international rivals. Social Structure and size of population ; Structure and size of population ; Availability of local human resources ; Migration flows ; civilization differences ; trade name image of Siemens in finish state Technological New engineerings related with Siemens concern in German ; any engineering that could cut down cost, better quality or service and assist selling such as online engineering. International technological discoveries ; New engineerings related with Siemens concern in German ; advantages and disadvantages of Siemens engineerings when compared with international rivals ; any engineering that could cut down cost, better quality or service and assist selling such as online engineering. Environmental Weather and clime in German ; hardware such as land available for Siemens concern Global clime alteration ; weather and clime in finish state ; natural environment ; Legal Environment ordinance ; related Torahs in German. Related international and local Torahs and ordinances. Political Political factors ever have great impact over the maco-environment in which the concern tallies, so muti-national companies need to make research on political environment before their international selling planning. Siemens is making good in measuring political hazard before it enters a new market. If necessary, a study sing the political hazards demands to be completed before its international selling ( Bell, 2001 ) . Economic The economic state of affairs in finish states, the impact of currency fluctuations on exchange rates, the development of local market, the local market construction ( Barney, 1996 ) , the local human resources and the sensitivity of local consumers are all really of import issues for Siemens to see ( Bierly,1996 ) . The planetary economic system merely experienced the fiscal crisis ; although Siemens got a steady fiscal public presentation for a batch of old ages before the fiscal crisis, Siemens concern in most states still experienced a downswing. Another job is that, together with the fiscal crisis is the tightened recognition system for Siemens, which brought a batch of problem to its concern. The high spot is that some new markets such as the China market are still turning fast and these new markets provide good chances for Siemens gross coevals. Social The cultural difference is frequently a tough job that all the muti-national companies have met with ( Choi, 2000 ) . Culture, faith and society are of great importance to us. Will and how the local cultural differences affect Siemens concern should besides be evaluated. .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .postImageUrl , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:hover , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:visited , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:active { border:0!important; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:active , .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728 .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c6cd262f06441470a97120be9873728:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ap Literature East Of Eden EssayOne of Siemens schemes is Diversity as a factor of success. Siemens is advancing diverseness in the direction ranks of the company to a greater grade than of all time before. Besides, the trade name image of Siemens is really good and besides means high quality by many buyers ( Davenport, et, 2002 ) , which is one of Siemens advantages from the societal position. Technological Mhos still have great technological advantages in its professional field such as electrical equipment. It is still keeping an advanced place in the international competition in this field. It besides has been viewed as a top pioneer in the Fieldss of mechanization, buoy uping, wellness attention and fire safety for a batch of old ages. Keeping technological advantages over its rivals has ever been its nucleus competence. However, its technological advantage is non that obvious in some market sections. For illustration, in some states where authoritiess are non willing to afford high cost of new equipments, some smaller companies gained advantages over Siemens. Some clients are more interested in solar energy, while Siemens is non making good in the solar energy field. On the contrary, smaller companies like First Solar ( FSLR ) are more feasible than Mhos and their engineering are cheaper. Environmental With increasing attending from all states in the universe on planetary heating and with greater environmental consciousness, environment is going a important issue for muti-national houses to see ( Michael, 2003 ) . The turning desire to protect the environment is holding a great impact the industry. More environmentally friendly merchandises and procedures are in pressing demand. All of these external factors can convey good concern chances for Siemens. Legal The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment ( WEEE ) Directive of the European Union ( EU ) makes manufacturers of electrical and electronic goods financially responsible for specified aggregation, recycling, intervention and disposal of past and future covered merchandises. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006, which implement most facets of the WEEE Directive, came into force in 2007 in most Europe states. Several merchandise divisions of Mhos are capable to the WEEE ordinance ( Hofee, 2003 ) . Porter s five forces As Mhos have several of import sectors, and the 5 forces analysis for each sector are pretty different. As one of the most of import divisions of Siemens, electrical equipment will be used as the research aim for Porter s five forces analysis here. Porter s five forces Degree of competition The grade of completion in this industry is pretty high and there are many large participants in this market Dickering power of clients The infinite for clients to deal is limited as the merchandises are extremely specialised and it hard for clients to happen comparable merchandises at lower monetary values Dickering power of providers Suppliers who supply natural stuffs or parts to industries have small bargaining power Menace of new entrants: As the equipment is of high engineering, in the early phase of this industry, the entrant barrier of this industry is high. Mhos and GE have dominated this industry for decennaries. Menace of replacements However, with the popularity of new energy engineerings, some little companies besides entered this market with lower-cost engineering and energy, so it is acquiring more and easier to happen a substituted in some limited field in a little graduated table. Degree of competition: In this industry, Siemens competes with large participants. GE has a strong market place in this industry, while ABB has great advantages in power coevals and transmittal. The figure of market participants in this field is large and the grade of competition is high ( Barney, 1995 ) . Dickering power of clients: In other industries, it is easy for companies to cut the monetary values as they compete for the same trades, which is less possible to go on in the industrial electrical equipment industry. These merchandises are of extremely specialized and professional engineerings, so clients find it is really hard for clients to buy merchandises of comparable quality at the same or even lower monetary values. Dickering power of providers: those companies that provide equipment parts and natural stuffs to these companies ever have small bargaining power. As the equipment parts and natural stuffs are easy to be found in the unfastened market, so the providers are easy to be replaced by other providers. Menace of new entrants: Mhos and GE have dominated this industry for a batch of old ages. To run with the large participants, a new company would necessitate a great trade of investing. The company needs to hold really good credibleness and connexions of both established houses and authoritiess. So the entrant barrier for this industry is high. Menace of replacements: some new engineerings from smaller companies, which focus on green energy, have posted menace to large companies that lacks a viing merchandise. In solar equipment, for illustration, some smaller companies are going more feasible as their engineering becomes cheaper, while solar companies may shortly hold the strength to vie with traditional power beginning on monetary value and public presentation, the menace from substitutes station force per unit area to supplier like Siemens. In drumhead, although the completion in this industry is ferocious, the entrant barrier for new entrants is high, what s more, both client and provider have limited bargaining power. The force per unit areas from little companies which focus on green energy maintain increasing as they have advantages on monetary value and cost. SWOT Analysis Strengths Failings Large company graduated table and market portion ; Strong trade name image ; It has a batch of divisions ; Steady fiscal public presentation. Strong R A ; D capablenesss Good at diverseness Less advanced in the low-priced new engineering Low in recognition evaluation Weak in internal control Depend upon third party service suppliers for bulk of its operational activities Opportunities Menaces Increasing demand for environment friendly merchandises Bankrupt of some local companies in other states Joint venture with other large playes New ordinance ; Completion from new and smaller rivals ; Ill-defined tendency of planetary economic system Strengths Siemens is a German technology pudding stone with considerable graduated table and market portion ; Siemens is a diversified group, with concern in information and communications, mechanization and control, power, transit, medical and lighting concerns. It have strong trade name image. The trade name of Siemens has good planetary market incursion. The trade name is ever connected with merchandises of high quality in a batch of markets. It has steady fiscal public presentation in recent old ages ( Dess, 2008 ) . Over the old ages, Siemens has delivered steady fiscal consequences. Siemens net net incomes have a similar tendency in recent old ages. Steady fiscal public presentation enables Siemens to pull off its operations good and besides better the fiscal flexibleness in the following a few old ages. Mhos is celebrated for its Strong R A ; D capablenesss, which is besides an of import factor for its concern success. Its research and development ( R A ; D ) investing keeps increasing in recent old ages ; the mean figure of employees engaged in R A ; D besides keeps increasing ( Grant, 2008 ) . The group s focal point in R A ; D facilitates development of new merchandises and sweetenings to bing merchandises aid in keeping its strong market place and functioning a new section of clients. .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .postImageUrl , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:hover , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:visited , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:active { border:0!important; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:active , .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f7986c1a8b92b6f22950fced4be29da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Penalty Essay AgainstThe planetary economic system needs diverseness. Siemens has given diversity a lasting topographic point in the corporate degree scheme. In Siemens civilization, in position of the deficit of extremely qualified people and demographic alterations, diverseness is a requirement for Siemens long-run success. Failing Siemens is less advanced in the low-priced new engineering. For illustration, smaller companies like First Solar ( FSLR ) are more feasible than Mhos as their engineering becomes cheaper, so Siemens now face the force per unit area from smaller companies. Mhos is low in recognition evaluation. Siemens s recognition evaluations were downgraded by some major planetary evaluation bureaus in the recent old ages, which is partially due to its capital construction ( Hungenberg, 2008 ) . In November 2007, Moody s Investors Service downgraded Siemens long-run corporate recognition evaluation from Aa3 to A1.Its finance is non good at bring forthing hard currency flow, hence, Siemens ability to obtain new support and investing from external investors may be negatively affected by its low recognition evaluation. Its internal controlling manner is non every bit effectual as expected. Some referees said Siemens revelation controls and processs have been non effectual due to material failing in its internal control. In the country of anti-corruption and fiscal study, Siemens got a batch of problem due to its failing in internal control. Mhos relied on 3rd party service organisations for most of its operational activities. It buys 3rd party services for fabrication, piecing and proving its merchandises, while these 3rd parties ever have sorts of tie ups with multiple companies. Any jobs from these 3rd parties could adversely impact the group s operations. Heavy dependance on 3rd party reduces the group s control over its operation and concern costs. The consistency of the merchandises could non be guaranteed, either. Opportunities During the fiscal crisis, a batch of little companies went insolvents, some companies are of great value to heighten Siemens competence. It is a good clip to purchase these companies with low cost. Ally with a strong participant is a good manner to portion the resource and heighten the competence of both companies. For illustration, joint venture is a good manner. Nokia and Siemens established a 50-50 joint venture in 2007. The joint venture is called Nokia Siemens Networks, which combined Nokia s webs concern and Siemens bearer related operations for fixed and nomadic webs. This joint venture is expected to supply important long term returns to both groups. As all the states are caring more about the environment, There is a increasing demand for environment friendly merchandises, which is related to several merchandises line of Siemens. Menaces The new ordinance of manufacturers of electrical and electronic goods financially responsible for specified aggregation, recycling, intervention and disposal of past and future covered merchandises post ample costs and liabilities to Siemens. Small companies are deriving market portion by their merchandises with lower monetary value, which make the competition more intense. The planetary economic system has non to the full recovered from the fiscal crisis, so the market has non to the full recovered, either. Besides, the recognition is still tight, and it is really hard for Siemens to acquire new support from external capital market. The strategic options from SWOT By the SWOT analysis, assorted strategic options could be draw from different positions: on one manus, Siemens could be advised to mean to beef up its advantage ; on the other manus, scheme of weakening its failing is besides a good pick. Besides, as for external analysis, Siemens need to seek to do best of the timeserving external environment offered. What s more, antagonizing the negative impact from external menace is a manner for Siemens to accomplish its success. Strengthened advantages Weakening the disadvantages Promote its company size Increase its market portion and maintain gross turning Restructure the organisation to do its division more diversified. Build even strong trade name image and make better in trade name market incursion by sensible public relation activities and selling publicities Update its R A ; D capablenesss to a even stronger phase so as to heighten its nucleus competency With steady fiscal public presentation, work hard on high RIO for interest holders. Take actions to do both its concern and organisational civilization more diversified to accommodate to the development of planetary economic system Develop new divisions in charge of new merchandises with lower-price to vie in the low-price and new energy market sections Better its gaining control construction, do more rigorous control in its finance procedure and make better in finance revelation The operational parts of Siemens need to be restructured to acquire better inner control, and procedure modeling of Siemens besides needs to be modified. Move some of the activities from 3rd parties into in house so that Siemens will non extremely rely on 3rd party suppliers Make best usage of chances Counteract on menace More investing on the R A ; D for the environment friendly and new energy merchandises Develop better populace relationship with local authorities Make sensible investing on some smaller companies which have been in insolvent Ally with some strong participants to portion the resources and cut down the hazards. Enhance its ability of defying the negative impact of fiscal crisis or economic fluctuation from planetary economic system Do better on the research of new ordinance and do readying every bit early as possible. By and large talking, every scheme has its cost and benefit, it is ever had to make an all unit of ammunition cost and benefit analysis for all the schemes listed supra. It will do Mhos expose to less hazard by the scheme of beef uping its advantages. What s more, as one of the market leaders in the industry, Siemens has advantages over its rivals in many facets and do best usage of market chances can ever assist a company to achieve a batch in a long tally. However, supporting schemes from its failing and external menace besides have particular significance for its success. Based on all the analysis, suggestions for Siemens scheme are as followers: Inner control It is advised that Siemens need to make some alterations to internal control so that it can make better in commanding internal information and direction ; the procedure modeling of Siemens besides needs to be modified. Transportation activities from 3rd parties it could reassign some of its outsourced activities into in-house so that it wo nt extremely trust on 3rd party suppliers, which bring a batch of hazard to Siemens ; Restructure the capital construction it need to curtail its gaining control construction so that it could upgrade its recognition evaluation, which help it acquire steady support in the low tally ; for external competition. Found new divisions for new merchandises Found new R A ; D divisions to research new merchandises aimed on the low-price engineering and new energy market cleavage to vie with some smaller company with low-price merchandises. Joint venture Joint venture with other strong participants is a good scheme to portion resources and bring forth gross with lower cost.

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The first characteristic is how they define sin and the second is how they define atonement and religious human intercession. Similarities Between Judaism and Christianity Both religions define sin as rebellion, and God has made his will to be known to all people through His word. Acting contrary to this set will against God is a sin. Although Wyschogrod states that Judaism doesnt take the consequences of sin seriously, Plantinga feels Christians should go back to their original religion so that they can understand the consequences of sin. Therefore, both believe that sin has its consequences. God is all powerful and supreme, the only thing he can do is to allow people to sin but he limits the freedom. One of the reasons for allowing the people to sin is so as He can demonstrate his will and achieve his objectives; which could be to demonstrate his love since his lover supersedes his hatred. Therefore both religions believe that God is a God of mercy. God has provided atonement in order to reconcile all his people with him. This shows that whenever people are engaged in sin and have a deep repentance for it, there is a way out for both religions. This cleanses and erases all the sins and the makes man right with God. They both believe that in order to be forgiven, faith must be incorporated with the atonement. Since there is a continuous behavior of rebellion, both religions believe that they live under two principles which include being loyal to God and being rebellious. Therefore, sin is a continuous process and cannot be avoided by any human being.Because of this repentance must be done regularly. Differences in Judaism and Christianity In regard to Sin, Christianitys center of attention is found on The Original Sin which is the sin that committed by Adam and Eve while they were in the Garden of Eden and continues on from that generation to this generation we are living today .While Judaisms center of attention on Sin which means the continuous sins committed after a person is born, thus proving that at birth a person is with no sin. Therefore, according to Judaism, repentance is done for disobedience done either intentionally or unintentionally after the person is born while for Christianity, repentance is done for an entire persons life since his birth even to the extend of repenting the sins of a former generation. While reviewing the Holy Bible in Genesis chapter 3, the two religions interpret this differently. According to the Christian perspective, when Adam and Eve sinned, the glory of God in them was taken away, thus making the whole creation perverted. While in Judaism, when Adam and Eve sinned, God made them to suffer the consequences by only chasing them out of the Garden of Eden but never meant that sin will follow their forthcoming generation. Christianitys element of redemption that is meant to return the glory of God which was lost after Adam and Eve sinned in the garden of Eden is only through Jesus Christ who is claimed to be God in the flesh and a part of the Holy trinity, cleanses the sins of the whole world for those who accept this redemption. The Judaism element of redemption is done through is through prayer which cleanses the sin impartially, and full cleansing is done after they ask for forgiveness from the people. According to Judaism Jesus was just a good man and was not reincarnation of God into mankind, he has no powers to save souls as Christianity perceives and believes it to be, and he never resurrected from the dead. Since piece has never reigned in this world. Judaism has never approved Jesus as the Prince of Peace and the Messiah. They claim that the Prince of Peace shall rule the world later and peace shall dominate this whole world. But Christianity believes Jesus as the Prince of peace and the promised Messiah and all them that accept this divinity have peace in their minds and souls. Furthermore, Judaism continues to state that God is one. God cannot be made of three parts which are termed as the Holy trinity, even though Christianity claims it to be a mystery. They claim that this can be compared to pagans who worship many god and that the capacity of claiming that God is in three parts diminishes the preeminence of his power. Therefore, it has no room for Jesus having a position of being God the Son. This is opposed by Christianity since according to the Bible in the Book of John 1:1, 14 which claims that In the beginning there was the word, and the word was with God and the word was God. The word became flesh and dwelt among us in this world. As much as there are differences and similarities, only time can tell since Christianity is based on faith. There is no religion that can be placed above the other. Its hard for worshipers also to judge themselves since they can not identify and accept easily their shortcomings since it may be to their disadvantage. Therefore, judgment is left to God alone.

Hospice :: essays research papers

Hospice General Purpose of the Department: As we have learned, the hospice idea is not new. Literally meaning "given to hospitality," hospices provided comfort, kindness, and nourishment to people in need hundreds of years ago. Today, hospices offer comfort to people as they near the end of life's journey. Hospice is a special way of caring for people with terminal illnesses and their families. It is a multidisciplinary health care program that is responsible for palliative and supportive care with consideration of the patient's and families wishes. Hospice focuses on care, not cure. Hospice care is important because it provides many benefits that aren't possible in a traditional acute or long-term health care setting. Within hospice, the family of the patient is directly involved in making decisions and helping their loved one. Hospice also gives the patient to have a great amount of control by deciding where they want to spend the rest of their lives. It can also help make choices about advanced directives which we will discuss shortly. Major Functions of the Department: Hospice is a very unique department because it truly looks at the "big picture" and treats a spectrum of patient needs equally. Special attention is given to: Physical needs - this is the first and foremost function. Within hospice you are dealing with a patient that has been given a diagnosis of having 6 months or less to live. For many patients, relieving pain through medication is an important part of hospice care. I have provided you with a list of ways that patients are made more comfortable. A goal of hospice it to help patients use their physical abilities as fully as possible. Social Needs - Sometimes little things make all the difference to people. Although these patients may not be as active as before their illness, you can see on your handout a list of things that they probably still enjoy. Hospice can help to make these things happen, as well as provide assistance with practical issues like putting finances in order. Emotional Needs: Hospice can help patients cope with loneliness, isolation, and the fear of being abandoned. This is outlined on your handout as to how the hospice staff accomplishes this. Hospice also helps friends and families of the patient express their emotions through group and bereavement counseling. Spiritual Needs - the realization that a person's spirituality is of a daily concern to the patient has led hospice care to this area. Hospice tries to organize the types of care outlined on your handout. Members of the clergy can also help family and friends who are in need of spiritual support.

Case: Facebook Marketing Management Essay

1.Why do people use Facebook and what do they do when they are there ? Since the launch of Facebook , constant updates and needs or wants, triggered this social network, broadening its scope permanentely. To answer the question why people use facebook, I believe the question what is the profile of the users is also necessary to understand. According to a paper published in 2012 (Evans et al., â€Å"Facebook Segmentation,† 38), a Facebook ´s pipsycograhic segmentation was performed through a partnership between a consultancy company (Psychster Inc) and students in the University of Washington Master of Communication program in Digital Media (MCDM), six types of facebook ´s users were identified and distrbuted accordingly to the pie below. Fans join interest groups based on politics, art, and music, and they often link their Facebook account to other websites. Branders prefer public to private networking, and they often use Facebook as a tool for business, building a personal brand, or accumulating social capital. Social-Searchers employ Facebook to learn about news, media, and entertainment, but they show little interest in apps and games. Influencers share videos, links, and good deals with others, and they rarely use the private forms of messaging or sharing available on Facebook. Gamers are motivated by games, apps, and coupons; they interact with strangers as often as acquaintances, and though fewer in number they log the most time on Facebook. Neutrals are unmotivated by most of Facebook’s features including status updates, and they report being members only to keep connected to the events of family and friends. (Evans et al., â€Å"Facebook Segmentation,† 37) Although I believe this is generally a good segmentation, since it links both the reasons why people use facebook and what they do the question is more complex and deep. Facebook which initially started as na alternative to Harvard ´s printed student directory, stated several diferences to other existing social networks sites, like the acess restriction to users with na â€Å".edu† e-mail adress, thereby focusing on real-world relationships, with reasonable levels of privacy and creating points of difference to its competitors. In the facebook earlies, Mark Zuckerberg, about this said†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ people have information they don ´t wnat to share with everyone. If you give people very tight control ver that information they are sharing or who are they sharing with, they will actually share more.† In addition he gave the reason to believe: â€Å"One example[of this] is that one-third of our users share thetir cell phone numbers† In my opinion of view this is d efinitely, the trigger of Facebook ´s use . We can name sereval reasons why people use facebook, but ultimately users, regardless their profile want Visibility, â€Å"Brand yourself† as a resource, Create and Strengthen bonds and feel part a comunity, without disregarding a certain privacy level. Depending on the users profile , many this can be done while on the facebook Highlight a product, Find new projects and clientes, Hang with other influencers, Tell your company’s story, Find partners, Get answers faster, Create a resource depositary, Develop your company culture, Better hires, Marketing research, Play games, Post photograhps, Chat with friends, set up meetings for all friends with details attached in a a few second and so forth. The fact that nowadays companies can actually pull information from current and possible customers is a powerful and nwe tool.Without the emotional detached its success wouldn ´t be the same. My Space is na example of this phenomenon. Myspace has been formed with entertainment and music in mind and set in more for professiona uses. Facebook, on the other hand, With Facebook, the interface is based around information. The pages are clean and clear with information and technology. 2.Evaluate the success of advertising on facebook To evaluate the sucess of advertising on faceebook, I would like put into perspective the three elements that I consider that deliver value to the major stackholders involved, and ultimately profit, either financial or value perceived, depending on the side. To measure success on adverstising on facebook one of the measures is Reach, that measures the percentage of the target audience ( those to whom a particular canmpaign is directed). According to the Facebook page analytics provider EdgeRank Checker, the head of social measurement at WPP’s Team Detroit and a study conducted by us here at We Are Social in conjunction with Socialbakers. DATA SHOWS AN AVERAGE 40% DROP IN REACH Average post organic reach 10th Aug – 2nd Nov, based on 41,051 posts made by 274 sample pages in the period. In line with the study, â€Å" the average post’s organic reach has clearly dropped by over 40% since the end of August, and is showing no signs of levelling off. Of course, how any one individual page has been affected will vary, and it’s long been known that the more fans a page has, the less reach and engagement it will get as a proportion of its audience, but the drop in reach seems to have affected pages of all sizes fairly equally† ENGAGEMENT STAYS CONSTANT Average post engagement rate 10th Aug – 2nd Nov, based on 41,051 posts made by 274 sample pages in the period. For the average post reach to drop while the average engagement rate stays steady, this must mean that the posts that are getting seen by fans are now getting more engagement. The same study concludes It’s clear that â€Å" Facebook have changed their EdgeRank algorithm to reduce the amount of brands’ Facebook page posts seen in fans’ newsfeeds, but what does this mean? Well, while some may say this is a deliberate move by Facebook to force page owners to pay for reach using promoted posts, others could reasonably say this is a sensible adjustment to compensate for the growing number of pages that its users are fans of, and the increased number of posts coming from those pages.† Facebook ´s position to this question is : â€Å"We’re constantly improving the way stories are shown in newsfeed. With the growing number of pages on Facebook it is important that people see content that is most relevant to them. These findings show that engagement with newsfeed posts has actually increased. At the same time, the number of posts being dismissed as uninteresting or spam has fallen. That’s a great result for page owners and an improved experience for all of us who use Facebook† According to the case study that is the base of this analyis, all the innvovations done in facebook in the last years, provided by Faceebook Ads ( e.g promoted posts in which brand page owners could push their contente to a broader audience), targent audience of the companies adverstising was broader. After, log out screen banner ´s available, mobile adverstising with sponsored stories ( taking advantage of the fact that half of the users access facebook by mobile). In 2007 the facebook platform was launched and since then thousands of apps were released. On of the most famous is farrmville ( Zynga Company), a gama involving farm management such as plowing land, planting, growing and harvesting crops, harvesting trees and bushes, and raising livestock, that enables people to play na online game with other facebook friends. The value is well reflected by one testemony of oneof its users: â€Å" Those five minutes that I used to spend on something of little value, I ´m now spending interacting with friends, which has real value to me†. There are more examples than can illustrate de power of this tool. One that was clearly seen, was the huge increase user ´s engagement in 2008, when companies started integrating websites funcionalities. These companies, a 30%- 200% increase in registration on their sites and 15%-100% increase in user engagement. To Facebook corporation, profits have been remarkable and after they introduce the cost per click metric for instance, the profits even increase more. In conclusion, the success of advertising on facebook is outstanding. From the consumers point of view, nowadays they trust their peers more than marketeers. Companies, used to spend lost of Money on traditional media, and now may have a large scale effect , refelcted on sales, brand awareness and profits. With this scenario, Facebook in prone to continue its path. It ´s also true that the huge impact that it enables, can play for or against the company/brand, but this volatility worths the effort as long as companies can balance and manage this process propperly.

The Influence of Ferlinghetti

Lawrence Ferlinghetti's father died before he was born, and his mother was placed in an insane asylum. He was left to be cared for by relatives, and eventually foster parents. Lawrence was ten years old when the stock market crashed October of 1929, which led to the Great Depression. He was twenty when World War II began in September of 1939. Serving as a Lieutenant Commander of the Navy during the war eventually exposed him to the traumatic effects of the atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki. He explained how anyone who was able to witness the aftermath â€Å"would suddenly realize that they'd been kept in the dark by the United States government as to what atomic bombs can do. † (nndb. com) This event changed Ferlinghetti. He became one of the key people of the Beat movement. The Beat poets â€Å"rebelled against what they saw as their country’s social conformity, political repression, and prevailing materialism† (868, Ann Charters). His City Lights bookshop â€Å"was an early gathering place of the Beats, and the publishing arm of City Lights was the first to print the Beats' books of poetry† (biography. om). Although he was not always recognized as a core member of the young group of poets, his poems often contained remarks that had the potential to transform other peoples’ views. Through three of his poems, he influenced change by protesting the repression in society, the violence in war, and the injustices of the United States Gover nment. Ferlinghetti finds popular culture unsettling, and expresses his view of society in his poem, â€Å"The World is a Beautiful Place†. He hopes that people will recognize what they have become, and long for individuality and change. Our Name Brand society / is prey to / [its] men of distinction† refers to how our society is constantly trying to keep up with the latest trends and what is popular at the moment. And the men of distinction are the ring-leaders in a sense; they are the advertisers, the market researchers, and often the trend setters. They quickly learn what to market, how to market, and who to market to. Most people are afraid to step out of the box in fear that they would not be accepted by the majority, and be left on the outskirts of mainstream society. Thus, the â€Å"Name Brand† society can be viewed as being a slave to the â€Å"Men of distinction†, and unable to break away. He goes on to show his disapproval of pop culture in another poem titled â€Å"I Am Waiting†. He writes, â€Å"I am waiting / to see God on television / piped onto church altars / if only they can find / the right channel / to tune in on. † Society today is heavily influenced by mass media and advertisements. Ferlinghetti realizes that America no longer contains the core Christian values that the country was built upon, because all their energy has been absorbed by advertisers, trends, and constant consumerism. The mention of how people would not even be able to find the right channel if God were on television means that he believes society is too deeply absorbed into popular culture that it would be almost impossible to break away at this point. He challenges society to change their ways. The capitalization of the word â€Å"God† is used in syntax. â€Å"Lowercasing God† in certain cases can be seen as â€Å"An attempt to obscure the reference to God† (ncsu. edu). Ferlinghetti chooses to capitalize God because of the context in which he uses the word. He tries to allude to the Christian faith, because of the fact that this country was established as one nation under God. If he had not capitalized the word, the meaning may have been lost. Additionally, war is something that Ferlinghetti speaks out against often in his poems, especially after witnessing its devastating power first-hand. In â€Å"I am waiting†, Ferlinghetti is â€Å"Waiting / for the Age of Anxiety / to drop dead†. The words â€Å"Age† and â€Å"Anxiety† are capitalized because he makes a reference to another poem. The Age of Anxiety is an eclogue by Wystan Hugh Auden that captures the imagination of the cultural moment during World War II, and is about a man’s quest to find his identity in the middle of it all (press. princeton. edu). Ferlinghetti refers to that man’s concern of not being able to find his identity. He realizes that in a war-torn world, full of violence and injustice, it is difficult to find self-identity because people are expected to focus on their country, rather than themselves; Ferlinghetti feels there is no use in trying to find something that he strongly believes no longer exists. Thus he is waiting for it to drop dead. â€Å"The world is a beautiful place/ to be born into/ if you don’t mind some people dying/ all the time† is a stanza from â€Å"The World is a Beautiful Place†. Being a Commander during World War II, he witnessed the destruction the war caused. He saw people get killed, and injured constantly. Ferlinghetti gained the courage to speak out against war, which influenced change; he set an example to others by being the change. In the preceding excerpt from â€Å"The World is a Beautiful Place†, Ferlinghetti not only juxtaposes beauty with death, but also birth with death. This creates a more powerful contrast to the word death, which is a direct result of the war he refers to in the stanza. Irony is a central theme in the poem. The title â€Å"The World is a Beautiful Place† is ironic because the majority of the poem portrays the world as a place full of negative experiences and tragedies. Also, Ferlinghetti separates the words â€Å"All the time† on its own line, allowing readers to easily understand that the poet is trying to stress that people are constantly surrounded by death when in war, which is another reason he calls for an end to it. In â€Å"A Tentative Description of a Dinner to Promote the Impeachment of President Eisenhower†, Ferlinghetti shows his disapproval for not only President Eisenhower, but for all US Presidents that came after Franklin D. Roosevelt. Harry S. Truman, who took Roosevelt’s place after his death in 1945, was known for corruption. He ignored scientists’ warnings of how the radiation from the atomic bombs in Japan would cause severe health and environmental issues for generations. Also, republicans claimed that he â€Å"condoned and covertly supported corruption among members of the White House staff and within government departments† throughout his presidency (presidentprofiles. com). President Eisenhower was in office when the United States became more seriously involved with the Vietnam War, which is often remembered as one of the most controversial wars in US history. At the end of the poem, Ferlinghetti writes â€Å"After every soul was seated / and waited for the symbolic mushroom cloud soup to be served / and keynote speeches to begin / the president himself came in / and said / we resign†. The mushroom cloud is a direct reference to the mushroom cloud that resulted from the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, which Ferlinghetti saw the aftermath of. By placing the fictional storyline in this order, he proposes an alternative sequence of events; Instead of announcing that the bombs were going to be dropped, President Truman should have stepped back from the plan and figured out a better solution, especially since official surveys soon after World War II ended proved â€Å"the atomic bombs were unnecessary† (nytimes. com). Ferlinghetti wanted more Americans to notice what is regularly overlooked by most. By calling out these Presidents in his poem, he caused change by making people take more note of the Government’s wrongdoing. In the same poem, Ferlinghetti writes about how â€Å"No invitations had to be sent out / for the great testimonial dinner / except to politicians / whose respected names wouldn’t lend weight / to the projects / but who did not come anyway. † He refers to how politicians in general often avoid answering questions, or fail to give clear responses to questions that the public may have. Even when given the opportunity to justify their actions or claims, politicians have a tendency to avoid doing so, in fear of causing any sort of conflict. The poem â€Å"A Tentative Description of a Dinner to Promote the Impeachment of President Eisenhower† has literary elements that play an important part in the meaning of the text. The title is tentative because the story is not true, but the message can be easily interpreted offensive or vulgar. The poem was written in 1958, while President Eisenhower was still in office. He may have been hesitant to put out a poem that mentioned impeaching the current President. The syntax that Ferlinghetti chose to use for certain parts of the poem allows the reader to imagine the setting more clearly. The imagery of the poem makes the reader feel as though he or she is in the room, sitting at the table, and waiting for their meal, which makes the story that much more believable. Ferlinghetti also uses repetition of the phrase â€Å"except peace†. He uses those words to promote peace, and to show how peace could have been a more sensible choice as opposed to turning to the bombs to end the war. Its repetition shows that Ferlinghetti sees peace as the answer to most issues. The word â€Å"except† could also be interpreted as â€Å"accept†. Because he is a pacifist, he encourages people to accept the idea of peace, rather than to turn the the fastest solution, as President Truman did when he ordered the bombs to be dropped. Evidently, Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born into an era where change was needed. The aftermath of World War II had greatly influenced him as a writer, and encouraged him speak out against what he saw in mainstream society, war, and the Government through his writing. He clearly had a lasting social impact. His poem â€Å"A Tentative Description of a Dinner to Promote the Impeachment of President Eisenhower† was so influential, it â€Å"Inspired Lorenzo Milan [An American writer and activist] to begin building community radio stations† (youtube. com), which allows people to speak their minds as Ferlinghetti so often did. Ferlinghetti is now 92, and amazingly â€Å"still writes and works in his City Lights bookstore, which is still at the same location, and still publishes affordable paperbacks by struggling authors† (nndb. com).

Inventions and Inventors of the 18th Century

Inventions and Inventors of the 18th Century The 18th century, also referred to as the 1700s, marked the beginning of the first Industrial Revolution. Modern manufacturing began with steam engines replacing animal labor. The 18th century also saw the widespread replacement of manual labor by new inventions and machinery. The 18th century was also part of the The Age of Enlightenment,  a  historical period characterized by a shift away from traditional religious forms of authority  and a move towards science and rational thought. The effects of 18th-century enlightenment led to the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolution. The 18th century also saw the spread of capitalism  and the increased availability of printed materials. Here is a timeline of the major inventions of the 18th century.   1701 Jethro Tull invents the seed drill. 1709 Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano. 1711 Englishmen John Shore invents the tuning fork. 1712 Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine. 1717 Edmond Halley invents the diving bell. 1722 French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher. 1724 Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer. 1733 John Kay invents the flying shuttle. 1745 E.G. von Kleist invents the Leyden jar, the first electrical capacitor. 1752 Benjamin Franklin invents the  lightning rod. 1755 Samuel Johnson publishes the first English language dictionary on April 15th after nine years of writing.   1757 John Campbell invents the  sextant. 1758 Dolland invents a chromatic lens. 1761 Englishmen John Harrison invents the navigational clock, or  marine chronometer,  for measuring longitude. 1764 James Hargreaves invents the  spinning jenny. 1767 Joseph Priestley  invents carbonated water, or  soda water. 1768 Richard Arkwright patents the  spinning frame. 1769 James Watt  invents an improved steam engine. 1774 Georges Louis Lesage patents the electric telegraph. 1775 Alexander Cummings invents the  flush toilet.Jacques Perrier invents a steamship. 1776 David Bushnell  invents a submarine. 1779 Samuel Crompton  invents the  spinning mule. 1780 Benjamin Franklin invents  bifocal eyeglasses.Gervinus of Germany invents the circular saw. 1783 Louis Sebastien  demonstrates the first parachute.Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock.The  Montgolfier brothers  invent the hot-air balloon.Englishmen  Henry Cort invents the steel roller for steel production. 1784 Andrew Meikle invents the threshing machine.Joseph Bramah  invents the safety lock. 1785 Edmund Cartwright invents the  power loom.Claude Berthollet invents chemical bleaching.Charles Augustus Coulomb invents the torsion balance.Jean Pierre Blanchard  invents a working parachute. 1786 John Fitch  invents the  steamboat. 1789 The  guillotine  is invented. 1790 The United States issued its first patent to William Pollard of Philadelphia for a machine that roves and spins cotton. 1791 John Barber invents the gas turbine.Early bicycles are invented in Scotland. 1792 William Murdoch invents  gas lighting.The first  ambulance  arrives. 1794 Eli Whitney  patents the cotton gin.Welshmen  Philip Vaughan invents ball bearings. 1795 Francois Appert invents the preserving jar of food. 1796 Edward Jenner develops the  vaccination  for smallpox. 1797 Amos Whittemore patents a carding machine.A British inventor named Henry Maudslay invents the first metal or precision lathe. 1798 The first soft drink is invented.Aloys Senefelder invents lithography. 1799 Alessandro Volta  invents the battery.Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet papermaking.

My role model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My role model - Essay Example And this lady, born as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu with ethnicity of Albania left her nation, kin and known environment and initiated her mission in India and served the poor, sick, orphans across the globe for more than forty five years. Thesis Statement This essay intends to examine and explore the way by which my life was motivated by the great works of the great lady called Mother Teresa. My Role Model Since my childhood only life of Mother inspired me to a great extent. She had that desperation, courage and strength to stand beside the poor and needy. Her life inspired me and captivated my spirit totally and very soon, I inculcated to stand by the side of the people who are really in need and distress. Once my locality was hit by a storm and after the calamity was over, by instinct, I felt to stand by the people who were the victims of the catastrophic calamity. While working for the people in distress, I recalled Mother again and again and it provided me immense mental and physical s trength to work like monster along with the disaster management cell of my area. We all are privileged with the love and care of our parents. We are blessed with a family that stays by our side through our thick and thin. But Mother took the pain to metamorphose herself into a universal Mother. She had love for all the children of the world. She loved us, like the son of God loved the mankind. This profound love for the children who are angles of heaven as Mother has seen them helped her to establish homes for the destitute. I was moved by the hardships and struggle Mother Teresa had to undergo to establish her homes in the city of Kolkata of India. I still do not have that much courage to stand beside the orphans in a way Mother stood and dedicated her life towards them. But the clarion call from inside helped me to sponsor a child for her education in one such homes. Whenever I meet her and spend some time with the child, I feel so blessed and happy from inside. This feeling canno t be made parallel with any other material pursuit in the world. Mother had immense potential. She worked for the sick across the globe. Not only she went for relief at the outbreak of any epidemic but laid the foundation and homes for the people who are suffering from acute congenital disease like tuberculosis and leprosy. She had immense network that launched awareness for HIV Aids, Tuberculosis and Leprosy. Her Leprosy mission is outstanding and she worked and contributed a lot to eradicate and aware people against HIV and Leprosy in the south-east Asia in particular. Her mission for the eradication of these diseases had spread across the globe very fast as well. While in my high school days when a community programme was launched for spreading the awareness against the HIV positive infection, I took active part in it. Under that programme, I got the opportunity to spread the awareness into the red light area of the city and meet the people, especially the women and children of t hose areas who live in darkness and get lost in that dark abbey of life easily. Along with awareness, these people need the light of education and care, love and empathy. The course of my life changed to a great extent after visiting this section of the society and in future I look forward to work for these underprivileged at a greater scale and on a more serious note. Conclusion Blessed Teresa of Kolkata is an entity which

Health Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Report - Essay Example I had an opportunity to interview one of the directors. He narrated their foremost great achievement of implementing the healthy, hunger-free kids Act. The Act remains imperative in improving and reauthorizing child nutrition programs. They were to get rid of unhealthy food and beverage in school, and other social amenities. This legislation provides more than 31 million American children who need greater access to healthy amenities. Despite some challenges, about 90% of schools have reported to meet the set food and beverages standards. NANA has improved nutrition and physical resources at CDC. Funding amplified between $2 in 1998 to $45 million in 2010. This has helped improve their services to the targeted population in the USA. NANA has made great achievements and improved the lives of many, thereby reducing deaths and health related diseases amongst children. I would recommend the government to be part of the greater contribution to create room for better services. The merging organization have helped in ensuring that the preferred healthy living is met in local areas and gives back report to NANA for better servicing. Science-based nutrition guidelines for school foods have also reinforced parents’ efforts to help their children eat healthy, making NANA’s work much easier at times. Story, M., Nanney, M. S., & Schwartz, M. B. (2009). Schools and obesity prevention: creating school environments and policies to promote healthy eating and physical activity. Milbank Quarterly. 87(1): 71–100. doi: